15 Culturally-Responsive Teaching Strategies and Examples + Downloadable List

September 14, 2017

Written by Marcus Guido

Conditions for Creating a Culturally-Responsive Classroom

A teacher sits between two young female elementary school students, helping them complete problems in a workbook.

Reflected in the 15 strategies and examples in the next section, there are four conditions any teacher must fulfill to establish a culturally-responsive classroom, according to an authoritative academic book about the subject called Diversity and Motivation. As you prepare and deliver any lesson, strive to:

Establish Inclusion -- This starts by highlighting how the topic you’re teaching may relate or apply to students. For example, many societies and cultures have fireworks festivals. While such a festival runs, you could teach how to calculate speed using fireworks in sample questions. Establishing inclusion also involves regularly grouping students with different classmates, encouraging discussion to solve problems. In doing so, they can share unique perspectives.

Develop Positive Attitudes -- This further focuses on relating content to students. A popular method is allowing them to choose between activities and assessments that let them showcase their values, strengths and experiences. For example, while providing clear learning goals and evaluation criteria, encourage students to submit their own project ideas.

Enhance Meaning -- You can bolster lesson content by drawing connections with real-world issues, asking students to use opinions and existing knowledge to address them. For example, when teaching about government, you could contextualize concepts through municipal political issues. When appropriate, use student jargon to clarify these issues or improve communication in general.

Foster Confidence -- Make the assessment process less intimidating by offering different ways to demonstrate skills and understanding. For example, avoid handing out quizzes that are purely multiple choice or fill-in-the-blank. Among other question types, mix in problems that involve writing short- and long-form answers. After, give students time to assess their own progress and performance, helping them focus on growth.

Meeting these four conditions largely relies on using specific approaches, such as the 15 explored below.

15 Culturally-Responsive Teaching Strategies and Examples

1. Learn About Your Students

A teacher crouches beside an elementary student's desk, high-fiving her for successfully completing a question.

At the start of the year or semester, demonstrating desire to adapt your teaching style to students can help them feel valued. Because open communication should uncover their learning needs and preferences, try:

Distributing questionnaires, asking about interests

Handing out surveys, gathering information about learning styles

Holding open discussions, allowing students to talk about positive experiences from past classes

Once you’ve gathered enough information, tell the class you’ll focus on adjusting your teaching approach to help them learn as best as they can. Students should quickly warm up to you.

2. Interview Students

You’ll build a stronger understanding of students’ values and habits -- as well as strengths and weaknesses -- by individually asking them questions. While running a large-group exercise, pull each student aside for a few minutes. Ask about:

Hobbies
Their favourite lessons and activities
Which kinds of exercises help them remember lessons and improve skills

Note what each student says to identify themes and different preferences. Then, when possible, relate content to their interests and deliver lessons that appeal to shared strengths.

3. Integrate Relevant Word Problems

$Two female middle school or high school students stand by a whiteboard, completing equations on it together.$

Many students will take a greater interest in math if you use word problems to contextualize equations. Working with 41 7th grade students throughout an academic year, a 2015 study published by the Canadian Center of Science and Education used such contextual learning strategies to increase test scores by more than 44%. Create culturally-relevant word problems by:

Including student names to make subject matter relatable

Linking to student interests, such as by measuring the shot distance of a famous soccer player

Referencing diverse cultures, such as by determining the diameter of a specific ethnic food platter

Using these word problem tips will not only help you establish a culturally-responsive classroom, but engage students more than by using abstract questions.

4. Present New Concepts by Using Student Vocabulary

Delivering relatable content goes beyond math class. In any subject, you can grab and keep student attention by using their vocabulary to build understanding before moving to academic diction. Let’s say many of your students are sports fans with family from soccer-crazed nations. Use a soccer example to demonstrate metaphors in language arts class:

Andrea Pirlo is an eagle on the pitch, armed with vision sharp enough to detect the smallest openings and recognize opportunities his opposition can’t.

This kind of culturally-responsive language should open the door to presenting challenging skills and concepts, engaging students while doing so.

5. Bring in Guest Speakers

A teacher in a dress shirt and tie stands at the front of class, pointing to a student in the foreground who has his hand raised.

Guest speakers can bring context and passion to history, geography and social studies lessons, capturing student interest. A war veteran could deliver a vivid narrative of his or her experiences. A mountaineer could give a striking recount of scaling Lhotse. Both could answer questions many teachers would struggle with, while engaging students much more effectively than a slideshow. Plus, according to a 2015 study by the Economics of Education Review, students are often encouraged to work harder when they share a background with an educator. So, diverse guest speakers may inherently engage and motivate students who share a culture with them.

6. Deliver Different Forms of Content through Learning Stations

Whether due to culture, socialization, preference or learning needs, students respond differently to different types of content. You can provide a range of material to each student by setting up learning stations. Each station should use a unique method of teaching a skill or concept related to your lesson. For example, students can rotate between stations that involve:

Playing a game
Creating artwork
Watching a video
Reading an article
Completing puzzles
Listening to you teach

After going through each station, you can help students further process the material by holding a class discussion or assigning questions to answer.

7. Gamify Lessons

A teacher stands beside two young students who sit at a desk together, holding a tablet computer for them to see.

Want another way to consistently diversify content and its delivery, appealing to different learning styles? Gamify some lesson elements. Easy-to-implement practices include:

Offering rewards, such as badges, for completing specific tasks or achieving certain scores

Setting a clear learning goal for the lesson, charting progress throughout the class to motivate students

Creating an "instruction manual" for a project, which contains the rubric and best practices for earning a high grade

Plus, gamifying your lessons is a way of making connections with contemporary gaming culture -- helping students within this culture process and demonstrate understanding of content.

8. Call on Each Student

Call-and-response -- the practice of asking students frequent questions while giving lessons -- usually keeps them engaged, but also enables them to share thoughts and opinions. Involve everyone by:

Encouraging the sharing of personal perspectives, when a question allows for it

Calling on students without their hands up, acclimatizing them to speaking amongst peers

Asking a question after each new point or thought, having a student teach back the concept you just spoke about

By lesson’s end, this call-and-response approach should allow each student to speak at least once.

9. Use Media that Positively Depict a Range of Cultures

A projector sits on a classroom table.

Children process content more effectively when their cultures and languages have places in the curriculum, according to an oft-cited academic book about teaching in multiracial schools. Using media, such as books and movies, that positively depict a range of cultures and are relevant to your syllabus can partially address this need. Finding options through databases such as IMDB or American Literature isn’t a tough task. As a bonus, using different media should boost engagement levels.

10. Offer Different Types of Free Study Time

Free study time typically appeals to students who prefer solo learning, but many cultures prioritize learning in group settings. You can meet both preferences by dividing your class into clearly-sectioned team and individual activities, such as the following:

Provide audiobooks, which play material relevant to your lessons

Create a station for group games that teach curriculum-aligned skills

Keep a dedicated quiet space for students to take notes and complete work

Allow some students to work in groups while taking notes and completing work, away from the dedicated quiet space

Presented with these options, free study time should appeal to a wider range of learners.

11. Encourage Students to Propose Ideas for Projects

A row of students sits at a table, using pen and paper to complete a written assignment.

By asking students to submit ideas for their own projects, the benefits of choice extend beyond free study time. Specifically, they should build confidence by showcasing their strengths. So, encourage them to pitch ideas for taking a project from concept to completion. A student must show how the product will meet academic standards in his or her pitch. If the idea falls short, give the student ideas to refine it. If the student can’t refine the idea, he or she can choose a project from a list of options you provide. Not only will you be pleasantly surprised by some pitches, but you may generate ideas for future culturally-responsive exercises and assessments.

12. Experiment with Peer Teaching

There’ll almost always be some student vocabulary and communal practices you never pick up on. But you can fill these gaps through peer teaching. Relatively-simple exercises include:

Jigsaw activities
Reading buddy sessions
Using educational software in pairs

Students who read and discuss story passages with peers recall more content and score higher on assessments, according an Ohio University pilot study. And, according to a science education study, students who work in pairs and groups typically perform better on tests that involve reasoning and critical thinking. Such results are largely achieved due to students discussing and rationalizing concepts in their own words, many of which belong to contemporary cultural lexicon and are not academic.

13. Establish Cooperative Base Groups

A group of four elementary students sits at a table, using pencil and paper to complete a team assignment in class.

Cooperative base groups -- which come from collaborative learning pedagogy -- allow students to regularly learn and process content together.Your role consists of creating groups of three or four, scheduling meeting times and detailing agendas for them. Filling knowledge gaps and encouraging communication is also involved. Students’ roles focus on supporting each other while striving to meet learning goals over the year.While working in base groups, students can:

Review lessons
Take on guided research
Address each other’s questions
Complete in-class assessments

The connection to culturally-responsive teaching is the same as peer learning: Cooperative base groups encourage students to make sense of concepts you’ve taught by using their own words and thoughts.

14. Run Problem-Based Learning Scenarios

The flexibility of problem-based learning lends itself to culturally-responsive teaching. This is because, when presenting a relatable real-world problem for your students to solve, two cultural connections will typically occur. First, there will likely be a cultural link in the question, whether it’s explicit or students make it themselves. Second, because they can apply different approaches to solve the question, they may use unique cultural perspectives. But if you want to create a scenario with explicit cultural ties, consider:

Encouraging students to take historical, sociological and anthropological viewpoints

Framing the problem using ethnic events -- for instance, solving logistical challenges of running a heritage festival -- in the area

Regardless, the student-centred nature of problem-based learning will allow your class to use culturally-relevant examples and information when appropriate.

15. Involve Parents by Using Take-Home Letters

A young girl sits on her mom's lap, as she paints.

Involving parents in their child’s learning is a core part of almost any culturally-responsive teaching approach -- they act as the main educators in many societies and can provide cultural context.When starting a new unit or trying out an education tool for the first time, consider sending a letter home to parents. For reference, here’s the letter Prodigy provides to its teachers. This opens the door to parent participation. While not all moms and dads will be subject matter experts, most should be able to provide guidance.

Downloadable List of Culturally-Responsive Teaching Strategies and Examples

Click here to download and print a simplified list of the 15 culturally-responsive teaching strategies and examples to keep at your desk.

Interested in other teaching strategies to deploy in your classroom?

Culturally-responsive teaching strategies overlap in important ways with many other pedagogical approaches. Consider researching other teaching strategies to help bolster your approach, or combine different elements of each strategy!

Active learning strategies empower, engage, and stimulate your students as they put them at the center of the learning process.
In contrast to traditional learning activities, experiential learning activities aim to develop knowledge and skills through direct, firsthand experience.
Project-based learning involves an open-ended approach that sees students work alone or collectively to work on an engaging, intricate curriculum-related questions or challengse.
Inquiry-based learning is broken down into four categories, all of which emphasize student questions, ideas and analyses.
Adaptive learning focuses on changing -- or "adapting" -- content for each student on an individual basis, especially with the help of technology.

Final Thoughts about Culturally-Relevant Pedagogy

Delivering culturally-responsive lessons can not only help you engage students, but allow them to make personal connections with content. Greater student investment should lead to other benefits, such as more rigor and motivation. A happier, focused classroom is the ideal outcome.>>Create or log in to your teacher account on Prodigy -- a free game-based learning platform that delivers a range of culturally-relevant math content through engaging word and scenario-based problems. Aligned with curricula across the English-speaking world, it’s loved by more than 700,000 teachers and 20 million students